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India welcomes first WIM from Northeast: How 15-year-old Arshiya Das is rewriting the geography of chess | Chess News

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India welcomes first WIM from Northeast: How 15-year-old Arshiya Das is rewriting the geography of chess
Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

NEW DELHI: Northeast India, a region of blurred mountains and valleys, has no shortage of talent. What it lacked for decades was attention. Chinese athletes have long defined a disciplinary culture that rarely seeks mainland approval.Now, riding on the apparent chess craze in India, there is a new craze in the Northeast.Arshiya Das, a 15-year-old chess prodigy from Tripura, recently became the first Woman International Master (WIM) from Northeast India. In the Serbian competition, she not only won the 42nd Rudar IM round robin with a score of 6.5/9, but also completed her last WIM standard.

From no laptop to Chess World Cup dream: Exclusive interview with General Manager Pranesh M

For India, this is yet another prodigy proving his worth in the world of chess. For the Northeast, this is a structural shift.“We are happy because we know she is actually very focused on chess. It has been her dream for a long time to become a national champion. In November last year, she became the under-15 national champion. Then, in the Senior Women’s National Championship 2025, which is a big event, she won a bronze medal. We saw that she was at the peak of her powers. So we planned to send her to Europe as all the norms come from there,” Arshiya’s father Purnendu Das told TimesofIndia.com in an exclusive interaction.“Also, she has her 10th board exam next year, so things are getting tight. Before then, we planned and sent her. She completed two standards, one in the first week of January, which was the final standard.”Arshiya’s story begins at the breakfast tableLike so many Indian prodigies, Arshiya, who was born in March 2010, didn’t start out under the tutelage of an academy or a master coach. Instead, her parents tried to get their children to eat breakfast and get ready for school.“This was around 2015. You know, when you have to get kids to have breakfast before you send them to school, you need to give them something to have in their hands, like a laptop or a phone. So we used to give her a laptop so she could have breakfast properly,” her father recalled.

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

“When she opened her laptop, a default chess game appeared in Windows. She was used to sitting with it. Then, one day, in a mall, she saw a chess board and said, “This is what I saw on my laptop, I need this.” So, I bought her a board. From there, her interest slowly grew. “From under-7 nationals to global exposureAt the age of six, she placed in the top ten on the under-seven national team. However, in order to improve her performance, she participated in the same event again in 2017 and won a bronze medal. The improvement over a year and a half has certainly been noticeable, prompting the Das family to take a sharper, more thoughtful look at Ashiya’s potential.“This is the first time in Tripura that someone has won a bronze medal and been selected to represent India at World Juniors and Asian Juniors,” her father added with obvious pride.She subsequently won gold and bronze medals in Uzbekistan and represented Spain at the World Junior Championships, which ensured her steady climb up the Indian age-group rankings.

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

When the coronavirus pandemic shut down the tour, Arshiya took to playing online with an unexpected obsession.“During the COVID-19 pandemic, she participated in around 400-500 online tournaments and became the winner of many of them. She made good use of the COVID-19 pandemic,” Purnendu said.Training across IndiaFor Northeast chess players, geography is the first opponent, not the opponent sitting at the other end of the chess board. For elite training, one has to travel to Chennai, Kolkata or Delhi. Agartala was an afterthought.“Coaching was always a problem in the Northeast. We had to go to Kolkata, Chennai or Delhi,” admits her father.That is perhaps why her coaching journey spanned the Gurukul system under local mentors Ramesh Koloi and Pradip Chaudhary, Apollosana Rajkumar in Manipur, FM Prasenjit Datta, GM Saptarshi Roy Chowdhury in Kolkata, and under GM RB Ramesh and WGM Aarthi in Chennai.Today, she trains with IM Kaustav Kundu and GM Swayam Mishra, attends the Chola Chess Academy camp, and logs online time in GM Jacob Aagaard’s Killer Chess Training.a family with goalsArshiya’s story is inseparable from the sacrifices of her family. Her father is an engineer. Her mother, Arnesha Das, gave up her own ambitions to help their only child achieve them.“She wanted to join the Tripura civil service but made sacrifices to support Ashiya,” her father told this website.

Arshiya Das family (special arrangement)

Arshiya Das family (special arrangement)

They live in government quarters in Agartala.“She studied at Holy Cross School in the ICSE board and her studies were very tough. But the school was very supportive with special notes and special classes. She missed her Class 9 exams due to participating in the under-15 national competition, but the school promoted her and asked her to focus on the board exams next year,” Mr. Das revealed.In the midst of hardship…The Das family is well aware of the financial burden of steadily rising ratings.“We are dependent on government jobs. Flights from Agartala to Chennai are very expensive. She started playing in 2015 and it has been 11 years now. So it is already a huge expense,” he added.“She had faced problems with her laptop. Sagar Shah (from ChessBase India) helped her buy a laptop specially designed for chess players. After that, her performance improved by 50-60%. Before that, she was using a Rs 35,000 laptop from 2016, but the battery was replaced four times.”But even in hard times, people always step up to help their cause.Deepa Karmakarher coach and moreOlympic gymnast Dipa Karmakar put the city on the global sports map and now serves as the state’s sports director. She and her coach Bishweshwar Nandi personally conducted physical training for Arshiya.In 2021, Arshiya was honored by Prime Minister Rashtriya Bal Puraskar and became the first and only woman chess player from the Northeast to win an international gold medal.

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

Arshiya Das (Special arrangement)

But the latest WIM title is not the end, as her current European tour is spliced ​​together like a budget airline itinerary.“To save costs we planned to travel five games at a time and her mum was with her. She will return to Agartala on March 2 after playing all five games. “Purnendu added.“Of course we are happy, in our state too, the people associated with us, Mr Sports Minister, everyone is happy that among the North East girls, she is number one.”Also read: India has no ecosystem, no problem: How 9-year-old Arshi Gupta became the youngest person ever to join the F1 Academy programBefore concluding, Arshiya’s father returned to a recurring issue: “Northeast lacks sponsorship from big companies. We request companies to support girls in Northeastern chess. Out of 91 Indian chess general managers, only 4 are women. We need to improve the status of girls. The PM scheme is coming soon. If companies support it, Arshiya can become the first woman general manager in the Northeast.”

‘Topless, brainless, shameless’: Center slams Congress, blames Rahul Gandhi after youth wing topless march at AI summit India News

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'Topless, brainless, shameless': Center slams Congress, blames Rahul Gandhi after youth wing topless march at AI summit

New Delhi: The BJP-led central government on Friday lashed out at the Congress and took aim at opposition leader Rahul Gandhi in the Lok Sabha after members of the party’s youth wing staged a topless “despicable act” at the ongoing AI summit.The remarks came after around 10 IYC workers were detained for briefly raising slogans against Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Exhibition Hall 5 of the Delhi summit venue, police said.“They were immediately picked up and taken to Tilak Marg police station. No one will be allowed to disrupt law and order,” a senior police officer said.The protest triggered a political war of words, with leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party accusing the Congress party of orchestrating the riots.

“Topless, brainless, shameless”

BJP MP Sambit Patra said, “Rahul Gandhi and the Congress are traitors at the highest level. The biggest traitors of the country. Wherever the country progresses, wherever there is happiness, they will destroy it. These are traitors… I have only three words for the Congress: topless, brainless, shameless.”“Today, they are bare-chested and brainless. Congress does not have enough intelligence to think that this AI summit that is happening is not a BJP summit. This is an AI summit for the entire world,” he added.

‘Damage India’s global image’

BJP IT unit chief Amit Malviya also criticized the protest, saying: “At a time when India is hosting the prestigious Global Artificial Intelligence Summit to showcase its innovation and leadership in technology, the Congress party has chosen destruction over dignity.”He claimed that the bill was “clearly designed to embarrass India on the world stage,” adding, “Political opposition is a democratic right, but damaging India’s global image is not… India deserves better.”Malviya said in another post, “Narsimha Yadav, one of the key organizers of the nude protest at the AI ​​Summit today, posed with Rahul Gandhi.” He added: “There is no doubt that this sabotage was not accidental but carefully planned. Such dramatic behavior on the international stage will only damage India’s image and undermine a platform designed to showcase the country’s technological leadership. Political differences are part of democracy. Embarrassing India in front of the world is not.”A photo circulating on social media shows Rahul Gandhi walking side by side with Nasimha Yadav, who is said to have organized the protests.

“Congress is an anti-India party”

Bharatiya Janata Party spokesperson Pradeep Bhandari also slammed the party, saying, “The Congress has committed an anti-national act. This is an India-led World AI Summit and not a personal political forum. Just as anti-nationals feel uncomfortable, annoyed and jealous of the country’s prestige, the Gandhi-Vadra family also directed Congress workers in the same manner and committed this anti-national act.”..” In another post on X, he said Congress workers stormed the venue and “raised objectionable slogans on the instructions of Rahul Gandhi”. He further demanded that “Rahul Gandhi, the Congress and the Gandhi-Vadra family should apologize to the country and the youth.”

Congress shows arrogance and frustration

Union Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal accused Rahul Gandhi of trying to “humiliate India”. In a post on“While you are trying to stifle India’s growth by peddling lies about recent trade deals, your foot soldiers are parading topless at the prestigious AI summit, trying to embarrass 1.4 billion Indians around the world. This strategy of destruction only exposes your and your party’s lack of vision for India,” he added.

“The Congress Party has chosen the path of subversion”

Reiterating the same sentiment, Congress Defense Minister Rajnath Singh said, “While the world is watching India hosting the Artificial Intelligence Impact Summit at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi and witnessing our growing global leadership in technology and innovation, the Congress party has chosen the path of sabotaging the event instead of enhancing the country’s honor.”“The shameful manner in which Youth Congress workers created a ruckus at the venue through inappropriate behavior is not only unfortunate but also an attempt to tarnish India’s reputation in the international arena,” he added.

‘mean’

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath said: “Today, the youth wing of the Congress party attempted to take place in a shameful incident at the Bharat Mandapam. We condemn the attempt to tarnish India’s global image… Strict action should be taken against those behind this. “Union Minister Bhupender Yadav called the protest “an absolutely shameless act of Congress!” and added, “At a time when Bharat is positioning itself as a global tech powerhouse, Congress is going all out to embarrass the country. This is not political opposition but an attempt to damage India’s global image. Despicable.”

What happened at the event?

Protesters marched through the venue wearing or holding white T-shirts with images of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Donald Trump, and slogans such as “India-U.S. Trade Deal,” “Epstein Files” and “The Prime Minister is Damaged,” leading to fierce confrontations with some participants.The Indian Youth Congress defended the protest in a statement, saying its workers were speaking out against a “compromising prime minister who betrayed the nation’s identity at the AI ​​Summit”.“Indian Youth Congress workers raise their voices against the compromising Prime Minister who betrayed the nation’s identity at the AI ​​Summit,” the organization said in an official post.“Instead of leveraging India’s talent and data, the AI ​​Summit was a disjointed PR extravaganza – Indian data was sold and Chinese products were showcased,” it added.

Saudi Arabia: King Salman orders SAR 3 billion in Ramadan aid for families World News

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Saudi Arabia: King Salman orders SAR 3 billion in Ramadan aid for families
King Salman orders over SAR 3 billion in Ramadan aid for households on social security/Photo: SPA

As the holy month of Ramadan gathers pace, Saudi Arabia has announced the release of more than SAR 3 billion to social security beneficiaries under a royal directive aimed at easing financial stress during the holy month.

Royal directive supported by Crown Prince

King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, directed the release of more than 3 billion Saudi riyals in Ramadan aid. The move comes on the advice of His Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister.The directive reflects leadership’s commitment to supporting beneficiary families and ensuring their needs are met during Ramadan.

How aid will be distributed

According to the royal order, each head of household will receive SAR 1,000, while each dependent will receive SAR 500.The total value of aid exceeds 3 billion Saudi riyals. The funds are expected to be deposited directly into beneficiaries’ bank accounts in the coming hours, allowing families to receive timely support.

The minister expressed his appreciation

Ahmed Rajhi, Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, expressed his gratitude to King Salman and Crown Prince for their generous initiative.He commended the leadership for its continued attention to the needs of citizens and highlighted their continued support to social security beneficiaries during Ramadan.The measure is part of a broader effort to provide economic relief and strengthen family stability during the holy month.

Norway Chess 2026: From D Gukesh to Divya Deshmukh – Complete List of Open and Women’s Players | Chess News

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Norway Chess 2026: From D Gukesh to Divya Deshmukh - Complete List of Open and Women's Players
The 2026 Norwegian Chess Championship will be held in Oslo from May 25 to June 5 and will feature elite competitions for men and women with the same prize money and the same format. Six players from each event will compete in a double round-robin with a doomsday tie-break. Stars include Magnus Carlsen, Gukesh, Pragnananda and Wesley Soo, as well as Ju Wenjun, Zhujinr, Hampi Koneru and Divya Deshmukh in the women’s field.

New Delhi: The Norwegian Chess Tournament 2026 will be held in Oslo from May 25 to June 5, 2026, bringing together some of the best chess players in the world. This event includes two competitions: Men’s Norwegian Chess and Women’s Norwegian Chess Women’s competitions. Both events follow the same format, prize money system and competition conditions, highlighting the focus on fairness and equality.Each match will feature six players who will play against each other twice in a double round-robin format. If the classic game ends in a draw, players will play Doomsday to determine the winner.In the open category, well-known names such as Magnus CarlsenVincent Keymer, Alireza Firouzja, Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu, Gukesh Dommaraju and Wesley So will participate in the competition. Carlsen is a multiple world champion and Norwegian chess champion.Norway Chess 2026 – Open Category

  • Magnus Carlsen (Norway)
  • Vincent Kemer (Germany)
  • Alireza Firouzja (France)
  • Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu (India)
  • Gukesh Domaraju (India)
  • Wilson Su (USA)

Praggnanandhaa and Gukesh represent a new generation of Indian chess, of which Gukesh is the current world champion. Wesley So is a consistent top player with many international titles.The lineup for the women’s competition is also very strong. Zhu Jiner, who quickly rose to No. 2 in the world, will make his debut. Women’s World Champion Ju Wenjun will return, along with experienced stars such as Hampi Koneru and Anna Muzchuk. Young talents such as Divya Deshmukh and Bibisara Assaubayeva will also participate, adding fresh energy to the event.Norwegian Chess Women 2026

  • Zhu Jiner (China)
  • Ju Wenjun (China)
  • Hampi Koneru (India)
  • Anna Muzchuk (Ukraine)
  • Divya Deshmukh (India)
  • Bibisara Ashobayeva (Kazakhstan)

The Norwegian Women’s Chess Competition starts in 2024 and has become one of the most important women’s chess events. With top players, equal prize money and a unique format, the 2026 Norwegian Chess Tournament promises to be one of the most exciting chess events of the year.

UAE residents can enjoy 4-day Eid holiday, here’s how | World News

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UAE residents can enjoy a 4-day holiday on Eid al-Fitr 2026, here’s how
UAE residents can enjoy 4-day holiday on Eid al-Fitr 2026/Representative picture

With the start of Ramadan in the UAE, attention has turned to Eid al-Fitr, with a possible four-day public holiday in March depending on the appearance of the new moon of Shawal.

Fasting begins, countdown to Eid begins

Fasting began across the UAE on February 18, marking the start of Ramadan 2026. The holy month will last either 29 or 30 days, depending on the lunar cycle.The calendar has taken center stage as residents adjust to adjusted work hours and quieter nights. The key date is March 18, the 29th day of Ramadan, when the official moon viewing committee will meet to determine whether Shawwal has begun.This decision will affect the length of the Eid holiday.

What does the official calendar say?

According to the UAE’s official public holiday calendar, Eid al-Fitr falls between the 1st and 3rd of the month of Shawwar. This leave is non-transferable and applies nationwide.Eid al-Fitr 2026 is expected to fall between Friday, March 20 and Sunday, March 22. However, the exact start date depends entirely on whether the Chauval crescent is visible on March 18.Dubai’s Department of Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities has listed March 20 to March 22 as the expected Eid al-Fitr time in 2026, to be confirmed.If the new moon is seen on March 18, Eid-ul-Fitr will be declared on the next day, March 19. Under this scenario, residents will enjoy a four-day holiday between March 19 and March 22, with Sundays coinciding with the usual weekends in the UAE.If the moon is not visible on March 18, Ramadan will end for 30 days and Eid al-Fitr will begin on Friday, March 20. This situation will result in three days of rest.However, the UAE Cabinet resolution stipulates that if Ramadan reaches 30 days, the 30th day of Ramadan will be regarded as an official holiday and added to the Eid al-Fitr holiday. This effectively guarantees a long weekend at the end of the month, regardless of whether Ramadan lasts 29 or 30 days.

Why does the date change every year?

The Hijri calendar is approximately 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar. Therefore, the Islamic months advance each year relative to the solar calendar.In 2026, the shift places Eid al-Fitr in the third week of March. For now, the focus remains on March 18, when the appearance of the elongated crescent moon will determine how long the UAE pauses at the end of Ramadan.

‘Congress opens borders’: Amit Shah ramps up infiltration into Assam India News

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'Congress opens borders': Amit Shah ramps up infiltration into Assam
Federal Home Minister Amit Shah (file photo)

New Delhi: Union Home Minister Amit Shah on Friday took aim at the Congress’ rule in Assam for many years, accusing the party of infiltration and claiming that it “opened our borders to infiltrators” in what he termed “an attempt to change the demography of the state”. He also drew comparisons with the current BJP government under the Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarmapraising his “work clearing hundreds of thousands of acres of land occupied by infiltrators.”Addressing a rally in Assam, Shah strongly criticized the Congress party’s record, saying: “Assam is plagued by two problems: infiltrators are usurping the rights of Assamese people…These Congress governments are opening our borders to infiltrators. Infiltrators continue to enter Assam.” There are attempts to change the demography of Assam by taking away jobs from Assam’s youth, food from the poor and land from villages.Shah further praised the Sarma-led government and said, “In the second five years, our Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma worked hard to clear and clear hundreds of thousands of acres of land occupied by infiltrators. Now, the third election is coming. Once again, a BJP government is being formed here. I assure you that we will repatriate every infiltrator who entered during the Congress regime.”He also highlighted the infrastructure development under the BJP, saying, “The Congress ruled for many years but it did not help the development of Assam. What the Congress could not do in fifty years, we have done in ten years. In the last five years, Assam has built 14 kilometers of roads every day… Almost hundreds of bridges have been built, including four new major bridges.”Notably, CM Himanta Sarma was a member of the Congress government in Assam. He joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2015 after a tense relationship with the party and later succeeded his BJP colleague as chief minister Sarbananda Sonowal.At the same time, Shah also launched the second phase of Assam’s Vibrant Villages Scheme, which will cover 1,954 border villages in 15 states and two Union Territories. The press conference was held in Cachar district.Earlier in the day, the Union Home Minister arrived in the state on a two-day visit to launch border infrastructure projects and address a public rally.

Realme P4 Lite 5G debuts in India with 6,300mAh battery, price starts at Rs 9,999 | Tech News

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Realme has expanded its affordable P4 series lineup with the launch of Realme P4 Lite in India. This latest smartphone is targeted at buyers who need a basic smartphone for daily communication, internet usage and media consumption. The company has confirmed that sales will begin later this month, while pre-orders have started on Flipkart and the brand’s online store.

Realme P4 Lite 5G phone launched in India with 6,300mAh battery and octa-core Unisoc T7250 chipset. (real self)
Realme P4 Lite 5G phone launched in India with 6,300mAh battery and octa-core Unisoc T7250 chipset. (real self)

Realme P4 Lite 5G: Price, color options and promotional offers

Realme P4 Lite is priced at Rs. 9,999 for the 4GB RAM and 64GB storage variant. The higher variant with 4GB RAM and 128GB internal storage is priced at Rs. 11,999. As part of the issue offer, the company is offering Rs. 1,000 Instant Bank Discount or Rs. 1,000 coupons. The device is available in Beach Gold, Obsidian Black, and Ocean Blue color options. The phone will go on sale from February 24th.

Also read: Summer 2026 Travel Guide: 5 Popular Tech Gear You Should Pack Before You Go

Realme P4 Lite 5G: Specs and features

Realme P4 Lite features a 6.74-inch HD+ display with a resolution of 720×1,600 pixels. The screen supports refresh rates up to 90Hz and touch sampling rates up to 180Hz. For photography, the device includes a 13MP rear camera. The phone has a 5MP camera on the front for taking selfies and video calls. The phone supports video recording at up to 1080p resolution and 30 frames per second.

Realme P4 Lite 5G is powered by an octa-core Unisoc T7250 chipset based on 12nm process, paired with 4GB of RAM and up to 128GB of onboard storage. It runs on Android 15 with Realme UI on top. Additionally, the device has an IP54 rating, which means it is dust and splash-proof.

Also read: Google Pixel 10a vs. Pixel 9a: What exactly sets them apart?

Realme P4 Lite 5G is equipped with a 6,300mAh battery and supports 15W wired charging. In terms of connectivity, it offers 4G LTE, Bluetooth 5.2, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation systems including Beidou, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. The smartphone also includes proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, gyroscope, accelerometer, and side-mounted fingerprint scanner for security.

Japan’s legendary samurai: Uncovering the knight’s mysterious legacy, from fearsome swordsman to masterful artist | World News

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Japan's legendary samurai: Uncover the knight's mysterious legacy, from fearsome swordsman to consummate artist

What do you think of when you hear the word “samurai”? For most people, the imagination unfolds like soldiers on the battlefield, clad in armor, wielding swords and with unwavering loyalty. The story begins in the medieval period, which is more than 1,000 years old and is of great significance for understanding its evolution. From its medieval cultural history years ago to the present day, the legacy of the samurai has been continually celebrated as part of contemporary video games, TV shows, movies, and more. Samurai are considered ancient knights. From the 18th century Ukiyo-e to the present day, they are fearless, loyal and disciplined Japanese warriors. But the story isn’t that simple; it’s more complex and surprising than Hollywood has revealed.

Japanese Samurai: History and Origins

Samurai are considered part of the fantasy world and they are not just part of Star Wars or the games, but are mystical warriors with a fascinating history, according to the British Museum’s new Samurai exhibition. Here’s how the true story of the samurai unfolded.According to exhibition curator Rosina Buckland, samurai were warriors and this was reflected in how they rose to the position. “But that’s not all,” Buckland said.Their origins reportedly date back to the 10th century, when they were first recruited as palace mercenaries. Japan in the 12th century faced a series of open street fighting and rebellions, and samurai took advantage of the unrest to gain major political power, establishing a military government (shogunate) in 1185.

Samurai are more than just warriors: Skills transcend the sword

Samurai were also open to new ideas and technologies from other cultures. For example, the samurai armor on display at the exhibition was based on a Portuguese design, with a sharply angled front and sloping sides to deflect rifle bullets. These features became necessary after European firearms arrived in Japan in 1543.In addition to military skills, samurai also studied high arts such as painting, poetry, music, drama, and tea ceremonies. Military leaders known as shoguns realized that brute force alone was not enough to rule effectively. They combined military power with subtle influence within court society.Their style of governance was influenced by Chinese philosophy, especially Confucianism. “In Neo-Confucianism, you need to balance military power with cultural skills,” Buckland explains. This has led to an emphasis on soft power, such as diplomacy and court culture. The exhibition also features a 19th-century fan painted by a samurai artist, illustrating the unexpected artistic talents of these samurai.

Are samurai just men?

From the 12th to the 16th century, high-ranking women also wielded great power. For example, Hojo Masako, who was married to the first shogun Minamoto Yoritomo, served as regent many times. During the Tokugawa period, half of the samurai class was made up of women, who performed important household chores and raised children. Objects, accessories, robes and various other items in the British Museum exhibition reportedly tell the story of warrior women.

What did a samurai wear when leaving the battlefield?

According to rank, samurai wore clothing according to rank. Their clothing may vary from luxurious textiles of high-ranking warriors to imported textiles. This is very different from the situation where low-level samurai use long katana, short wakazaki, and different mounts to express their clothing. Eels are believed to come in various shapes and sizes and are primarily made of iron, but can also be made of copper, brass, or enamel.

What does the word “Samurai” mean?

The term is derived from the Japanese verb “saburau” which means to serve. This hints at the pedigree of the person who served as governor. Historically, these terms have been used to describe members of the ruling class.

Do samurai still exist today?

Not really. It ceased to exist as a distinct socio-military class. Their official status reportedly ended in the late 19th century when Japan modernized its military and government. However, their legacy lives on. Samurai values ​​such as loyalty, discipline and honor influence Japanese culture. Martial arts such as Kendo and Judo, traditional rituals and cultural stories still retain their spirit. Samurai armor, swords and artwork are preserved in museums, exhibitions and collections around the world.

Why rights exist but justice remains out of reach for the poor | India News

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Why rights exist but justice remains out of reach for the poor

Justice comes with hidden costs that those already burdened by the perpetual cycle of poverty, a cycle that shackles every step each day, feel too acutely to ignore. Rights exist. Legal aid is free for them. However, they do not have the privilege of affording the costs, both literal and opportunity-related, associated with recurring court dates. Injustice in any form hits them harder. Some remain under the dark cloud of lack of awareness about their existing rights, while others fear the consequences that may follow if they assert them.Poverty not only strips away social standing, hinders growth, and erodes health, but also robs dignity, striking most brutally at the vulnerable.When poverty forces people from disadvantaged backgrounds to toil relentless hours under harsh conditions just to ensure their child sees a meal on his plate, even if not the future he dreams of but enough to keep hope alive, survival becomes the only priority.Poverty cements their feet and, at the same time, pushes them into legal vulnerability.And when such individuals are confronted with injustice of any sort, whether a wrongful accusation, workplace exploitation, eviction, domestic abuse, discrimination, or even a sudden legal summons, it takes far more than courage to access their own legal rights.

The constitutional promise vs ground reality

To ensure that no person is denied justice merely because they cannot afford legal representation, Article 39A of the Constitution of India, introduced through the 42nd Amendment in 1976, mandates the State to provide free legal aid and ensure equal justice for all.

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This constitutional vision was institutionalised through the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, under which the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) was established in 1995 as the central body to implement legal aid programs across the country.The legal aid system in India is structured as a nationwide network, from the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) at the Centre, chaired by a Supreme Court judge with the Chief Justice of India as Patron-in-Chief, to State and District Legal Services Authorities, and local Taluka bodies. At the grassroots, paralegal volunteers, drawn from communities, including teachers, social workers, Anganwadi workers, law students, and marginalized groups serve as bridges between citizens and the justice system.

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The idea being simple yet ambitious, justice should reach the doorstep of the poor.Yet access remains low. Former Chief Justice of India, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, and former Executive Chairman of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), Justice Uday Umesh Lalit, in an interview to Sansad TV, noted after reviewing nationwide data:“Statistics showed that people get legal aid in less than 1% of the cases where justice is required. If we look at how many people are below the poverty line, it is inconsistent that only 1% would need legal aid. Either they do not know it is their right, or they do not have confidence in the system.”That single statistic exposes a deep structural contradiction, a country with millions eligible for free legal assistance sees only a tiny fraction accessing it.Amid the daily struggles of poverty, many people remain unaware of their right to legal aid or free legal services. A roadside vendor narrated how police use court cases to intimidate them. When asked if he knew that legal aid is free, he expressed shock.“I had no idea that legal aid or free legal services existed. I faced a legal problem and couldn’t get the help I needed because I couldn’t afford it. That was the time I felt most helpless. I had to beg for help and money from others, not knowing if justice would ever come. For a poor person, respect is the most important thing. Even being associated with the court or the police scares us. You know what happens to poor people like us, they hardly get justice, and no one supports them, making it hard to trust the system. When we go to file a complaint, we are often intimidated, and we have to endure this. At that time, it feels like all doors are closed,” he told TOI.

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Poverty and legal vulnerability: A reinforcing cycle

According to the latest World Bank data, between 2011‑12 and 2022‑23, India lifted roughly 269 million people out of extreme poverty, reducing the poverty rate from 27.1% to 5.3%. Yet around 75 million people still live in extreme poverty, leaving them vulnerable not only to deprivation in food, healthcare, and education, but also to challenges in accessing legal protections and exercising their rights effectively.

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People living in deprivation often face:

  • inability to miss daily wages to attend hearings,
  • lack of transport to courts,
  • absence of identity or property documents,
  • fear of police or authority figures,
  • dependence on informal or exploitative intermediaries,

For many, even receiving a legal notice or court summons can trigger panic rather than protection. Without awareness or guidance, such notices may be ignored, not out of defiance but confusion or fear, sometimes worsening legal consequences.Advocate Abhipriya Rai explained, “Poverty is not merely an economic condition, it is a legal disability. When a family cannot produce an Aadhaar card, a birth certificate, or a caste certificate, they become invisible to the very systems designed to protect them.”

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She added that legal vulnerability operates on three levels simultaneously. “Informational: they do not know their rights exist. Documentary: even if they do, they lack the paperwork that activates those rights. Representational: even if they reach a forum, they cannot sustain effective advocacy. Each barrier compounds the others.”Legal vulnerability therefore becomes not a separate condition, but a direct extension of economic vulnerability.

What grassroots organisations witness

NGO workers who interact daily with marginalised families consistently observe how poverty quietly erodes agency and confidence.According to Vikash Jha, founder of Bhavishya NGO, poverty often prevents families from even believing their grievances will be heard. Lack of access to nutritious food, clean water, healthcare, and quality education weakens both physical and psychological resilience. He noted that many children from such backgrounds begin working early to support their households, further reducing their chances of awareness about rights or legal remedies.

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TOI also spoke to Mahendra Singh Rawat, project coordinator at Bhumi NGO, Delhi, who has worked with underprivileged children in shelter homes and slum communities for over three years. He highlighted how poverty affects every aspect of a child’s life:“It is not only financial deprivation, but also limits awareness, opportunities, confidence, and aspirations. Many parents are daily wage workers with unstable incomes. Many children drop out early, and some are pushed into begging or work to support their families”. He further noted that there is lack of awareness about rights and government schemes, absence of proper documentation in some cases, and fear of approaching authorities that further perpetuates lack of access to justice among the poor even when the legal aid framework exists.

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A Delhi-based cleanliness worker who wished to remain anonymous added: “Demanding better conditions is a privilege daily wage workers like me cannot afford. Even if it badly affects our health, we cannot quit. Nobody cares. I may be useful to the system, but I am not treated as a dignified part of it and I don’t feel that my voice would be heard even if raised.”

Why free legal aid alone is not enough

India’s legal aid framework is widely regarded as one of the most comprehensive in the world. Eligibility typically includes:

  • persons below income thresholds,
  • women and children,
  • Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes,
  • persons with disabilities,
  • victims of trafficking or disaster,
  • industrial workmen,
  • those in custody,
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Services may include legal advice, representation, drafting documents, and mediation, all free of cost.Yet access gaps persist because formal entitlement does not automatically translate into practical accessibility.

Common barriers include:

  • lack of awareness about the rights, legal aid framework, and eligibility,
  • distrust of state institutions,
  • language barriers,
  • social stigma,
  • procedural complexity,
  • perception that free services are inferior,

The Hidden Costs of Justice

Although legal representation may be free, justice still carries indirect expenses:

  • travel costs to courts,
  • lost wages from attending hearings,
  • childcare arrangements,
  • repeated procedural delays,

Reflecting on these hidden costs, Adv. Abhipriya observes:“A worker who cannot read the summons served to her, who has been told by police to ‘go home and settle,’ does not see the law as a resource. She sees it as a threat. That fear is rational.” On the broader framework, she notes, “India has one of the most elaborate statutory frameworks for protecting the poor in the developing world. But a right that cannot be exercised is not a right. It is a promise that was never kept.”For daily wage earners, a single missed workday can mean a missed meal. Multiple court dates can therefore translate into financial distress, discouraging people from pursuing even legitimate claims.

Can legal aid help alleviate poverty?

Adv. Abhipriya noted that legal aid, when delivered effectively, has immediate, tangible impacts. The mechanism is more direct than people assume:When a woman who has been illegally terminated recovers her wages through a legal aid lawyer, she has protected her family’s food security for months. Similarly, when a family obtains a stay against illegal demolition, children stay in school.She added that legal aid, when delivered well, is poverty alleviation, without a welfare scheme label attached.Between 2015 and 2025, over 1.61 crore citizens received legal aid, while over 40 crore cases were settled through National Lok Adalats, and the Legal Aid Defence Counsel System disposed of nearly 8 lakh criminal cases in three years.Government funding for NALSA for 2022‑23 was Rs. 190 crore, which was increased to Rs. 400 crore for 2023‑24, dropped to Rs. 200 crore in 2024‑25, and rose again by 25 percent to Rs. 250 crore in the Union Budget 2026‑27.However, structural challenges still persist:Awareness: Judges and legal experts have emphasised that many eligible people are unaware of free legal aid, with most assuming they cannot access assistance because it is unaffordable.Quality: Justice Nagarathna emphasized that “legal aid to the poor does not mean poor legal aid.” Panel lawyers are often junior, overloaded, and inadequately compensated. Wide disparities persist between legal aid representation and private representation. This is not a criticism of individual lawyers but a systemic design failure.Geography: Tribal families in remote areas often cannot reach District Legal Services Authorities, and the digital divide creates additional barriers for accessing online portals.Fund utilisation: Hon’ble Chief Justice Surya Kant disclosed at the Conference that by September 2025, only 16.93% of the Legal Aid and Advice budget had been utilised, while outreach expenditure had exceeded its allocation. Money meant for representation and aid delivery remained unspent, while funds for awareness were overspent, an inversion of priorities.

Why this conversation matters

On World Social Justice Day, observed annually on February 20 by the United Nations, the global spotlight turns to poverty, inequality, exclusion, and human rights. For India, it underscores the urgent challenge of bridging the gap between legal rights and actual access to justice.As harsh as it may sound, society often reserves dignity for those who are affluent and demands subservience from those who struggle simply to survive, educate, and aspire. Poverty does not only deprive, it silences. Understanding how poverty intersects with legal vulnerability is essential not merely for policy reform, but for safeguarding democracy itself. Because access to justice is not just another welfare benefit, it is the foundation that determines whether rights exist only on paper or in reality.

Everest wasn’t always a mountain! These 200-million-year-old marine fossils prove the Himalayas were once underwater World News

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Everest wasn’t always a mountain! These 200-million-year-old marine fossils prove the Himalayas were once underwater
Everest wasn’t always a mountain! These 200-million-year-old marine fossils prove the Himalayas were once underwater

Imagine standing on the ocean floor 8,000 meters above sea level Everestyou will find a marine fossil. You shouldn’t be surprised as fossils of marine animals have been found near the top of the mountain Everestthe findings continue to interest the scientific community and the public. Climbers and geologists report the remains of trilobites, crinoids and brachiopods buried high in the Himalayas. These fossils are not a recent invasion. They are part of sedimentary rocks formed millions of years before the mountains existed. Their presence reflects deep geological changes related to plate tectonics and the long-term closure of ancient oceans. Evidence collected over decades links these marine sediments to the pre-Tethys Ocean, which once separated the Indian continent from Asia. The rocks now exposed at extreme elevations were once deposited under sea water and later lifted up as the continents converged.

Fossilized shells on Mount Everest prove the Himalayas were once under the sea

according to geological societythe summit of Mount Everest was formed at the bottom of the Tethys Ocean. About 225 million years ago, the Indian Plate lay far south in Asia, separated by vast ocean basins. Sediments accumulate along its edges. Fragments of shells and bones were deposited in layers, slowly hardening into rock.These layers remain in place when tectonic forces reshape the area. The fossils seen today are ordinary sea creatures from that distant period. Their altitude seems unusual.

The drift of the Indian plate has reshaped the region (Image source - Geological Society)

The drift of the Indian plate has reshaped the region (Image source – Geological Society)

Indian plate drift reshapes region

About 200 million years ago, when the supercontinent Pangea began to break apart, the Indian plate began moving northward. Eighty million years ago, it was thousands of kilometers south of Asia, but still advancing steadily. The oceanic crust of the Tethys Ocean was pushed beneath the subduction zone at the edge of Eurasia, in an environment similar to that of the Andes today.Not all matter disappears underground. Thick oceanic sediments were scraped away and pressed against the edge of Eurasia. Over time, these accumulated sediments became part of the rising mountain range.

The Himalayas continue to rise by 1 centimeter per year

Between 50 and 40 million years ago, the Indian and Eurasian continental plates collided. Neither plate sinks easily because they are both buoyant continental crust. Instead, the crust shrank, thickened, and rose. This collision marked the beginning of the Himalayan uplift.The Himalayas stretch about 2,900 kilometers from east to west. At 8,848 meters above sea level, Mount Everest is the highest point on Earth. Geological surveys show that the range is still rising at a rate of more than a centimeter per year as India continues to advance north. Meanwhile, erosion has the opposite effect. Rocks are worn away by ice, wind and water. The balance slowly shifts. Fossils remain in place, quiet traces of an ocean that once covered the roof of what is now the world.