Energy drinks linked to increased liver damage in young Indians, doctors warn

New Delhi: Energy drinks, marketed as instant energy in cans, are the latest craze sweeping India’s youth. But behind every bubbling sip lurks silent liver damage. On World Liver Day, liver experts report a surge in cases linked to overconsumption, raising concerns about growing health risks for young people across the country.Doctors cite clinical experience and global evidence. A case in BMJ case report Excessive consumption of energy drinks has been linked to acute hepatitis caused by high doses of niacin (vitamin B3), which is known to be hepatotoxic in excess. Experts say the mixture of sugar, caffeine and additives promotes fat accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation in liver cells, increasing the risk of long-term damage, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).“We have seen a significant increase in young patients suffering from liver dysfunction in the past few years. Energy drinks, alcohol and high-sugar drinks are the main reasons,” said Dr Abhideep Chaudhary, President, Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI). “These drinks are generally considered harmless but put tremendous stress on the liver. When mixed with alcohol or consumed in excess, they accelerate damage. If the damage further develops, transplantation may become the only life-saving option.”The incidence of NAFLD is rising in India and is estimated to affect 25-30% of the urban population, including young adults. High consumption of sugary drinks is a key driver, and doctors say energy drinks are exacerbating the trend.“We are witnessing a demographic shift, with patients in their 20s and 30s presenting earlier,” said Dr. Neerav Goyal, president-elect of LTSI and director of liver transplantation, hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. “Alcohol remains a major factor, but energy drinks and sugary drinks are adding to the burden.”Experts also warn against mixing energy drinks with alcohol because caffeine can mask its sedative effects, leading to increased intake and toxicity.“Lifestyle choices have a direct impact on liver health at a young age,” said Dr. Charles Panackel, secretary, LTSI and senior consultant, hepatology, Aster Medcity, Kochi. “Continued exposure to fatty liver disease can lead to inflammation, fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Early-stage disease is often reversible.”“Regular consumption of energy drinks is an under-recognized risk,” said Dr. Naveen Ganjoo, Director of Adult Hepatology, LTSI, and Senior Consultant, Hepatology and Comprehensive Liver Care, Aster RV Hospital, Bengaluru.Experts are calling for increased awareness and lifestyle changes, stressing that cutting back on energy drinks, alcohol and sugary drinks is key to prevention.